Improvement in harrows



A. F, FRENCH.

' Harrow.

No. 210,682. Patented Dec. 10,1878.

' L n" n rl n "In mm INVENTOR mnfrsms:

My BY ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES AARON FRENCH, OF DENISON, IOWA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF ED WlNK. BURCH, OF SAME PLACE.

AND

IMPROVEMENT IN HARROWS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 210,682, dated December10, 1878; application filed November 5, 1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AARON F. FRENCH, of Denison, in the county ofCrawford and State of Iowa, have invented a new and Improved Harrow, ofwhich the following is a specification:

The object of this invention is to strengthen the construction of theharrow, and to arrange it so that several sections can be connectedtogether in different positions to adapt it to difi'crcnt purposes.

It consists in fastening the frame of the harrow together by iron rodspassed transversely into the ends and screwed into nuts or burrs letinto the end beams. These rods serve also as draft-bars, to which thewhittletrees are hooked, saving by their peculiar arrangement the frameof the harrow from strain.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a plan of my improvement. Fig.2 is a section of the same on line 5050, Fig. 1; and Figs. 3, el, and 5show various ways of arranging the harrows to adz-pt them to differentpurposes.

Similar letters of reference indicate corre sponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A A are the side bars of the barrow-frame,and B B are the end bars. The bars B B are applied to the bars A A atthe ends thereof, so as to give a flush connection, and secured in placeby screw-threaded rods a a, passed through the side bars transversely,and thence lengthwise into ends B B, and engage a nut or burr, O, placedin a mortise in the bars B.

Nuts D are placed on each rod, and when it is screwed in as far as itshould go the nuts D are screwed up against the side bars, holding themfirmly against the end bars B. In this way a perfectly-secure connectionis made between the different parts of the harrow-frame; and as the rodsare designed to serve as draft-rods, being provided on their outer endswith hooks b, to which to attach the whiflletree, it will be readilyunderstood that the strain or force of the draft, instead of beingexpended upon one side of the frame and upon the joints on that side, isapplied to the nut on the shaft opposite to where the whiffletree ishooked, bearing against the side bar on that side, and thus the jointsof the frame are relieved from strain.

Ordinary iron teeth a c, 850., are passed through the side bars B B.

The harrow shown in Fig. 1 is complete in itself; but in practice thisis used simply as a section, several sections of this kind being hookedtogether in different relations to adapt them to particular purposes.

In Fig. 5 four sections are shown hooked together to form an ordinarydrag for smooth in g plowed ground, and the ordinary purposes for whichbarrows are used. The sections are connected together in parallel lines,and the whiflletree is attached to one corner, as at d, so that thelines of teeth are diagonal to the direction in which the harrow moves.Thus a broader space than the length of each sec tion is subjected tothe action of the harrow, and, the lines or rows of teeth intersectin g,the ground is completely pulverized and smoothed down.

In Fig. 3 is shown an arrangement for rough ground with stubble upon it.Three sections are placed parallel to each other, and to one and twoothers are attached, so as to form an isosceles triangle. These two formwings ex tending from the middle of the sweep of the parallel sectionsbeyond the same. Thus the stubble and hard clods are moved out of theway on either side, while the parallel sections in the rear smooth andlevel the ground. A chain is attached to the hooks at the apex of thetriangle, and to this chain the whiffle tree is hooked.

In Fig. 4 is shown an arrangement for harrowing young corn. Here twosections are hooked together parallel, then two other sections areprepared in the same way, and the two parts thus formed are connectedtogether at adjacent corners to form the sides of a tri angle. One othersection is now applied to these sides to form the base of the triangle,and to the outside of the latter the Whittle tree is attached.

By this arrangement a great deal of surface is covered, adapting itpeculiarly to the cultt vation of corn just before and after sproutingscrew threaded rods passed transversely through the ground, as it doesnot harrow through the side, and engaging nuts or burrs very closely,and four rows are covered and O, mortised in the bars B, and nuts D,screwed included in the harrowing. against the sides of the bars A,substantially Having thus described my invention, I claim as described;as new and desire to secure by Letters Pat 1 f Wi ness s As animprovement in barrows, the side M. S. 1m, bars A A, connected with theends B B by W. J. Wool).

AARON F. FRENCH.

